第61章 子产列传
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。昔日弱乱贫弊、权臣跋扈、内外交困、濒临倾覆的郑国,自此内有法度可守、有礼制可遵、有清官理政、有良风化民,外有礼法立身、有法治固本、有正气镇邦、有国力撑势,为后续周旋列国、安定诸侯、保全邦祚、成就中兴盛世,筑牢万世根基。
世人评春秋变法改制,多以后世变法为盛,殊不知子产铸刑书、立成文法、普法于天下、划一官民之律、肃正缙绅之风,开千古法治之先河、破千年贵贱之弊、启乱世革新之局、奠后世律法之基。无子产郑刑之制,则无以启列国变法之风;无新郑刑鼎之立,则无以成后世法治之兴。
铸刑以明邦宪,立法以定治乱,崇俭以清风气,肃绅以正朝纲。一代贤相,以雷霆手段除百年积弊,以清正公心立万世新规,以法治仁政安乱世弱邦,以节俭正气振沉沦国祚。
诗云:
鼎铸明文定九州,百年浊弊一朝收。
高悬律法衡公私,力肃奢风振冕旒。
世族销威归礼制,百官持正守清秋。
凭将法度扶衰壤,始教郑邦万古留。
第四节:不毁乡校容群议,广纳刍言察庶民
周灵王四年,岁次癸未,秋七月。新郑新政大行三载,刑鼎高悬国门、国法昭布天下、世族敛迹、官守肃清、奢靡尽革、贪腐绝迹。郑国朝堂纲纪方正、礼制严明、吏治清通、权贵守法,百年沉弊一扫而空,朝野气象焕然一新。
自子产铸刑书、肃缙绅、崇俭德、整朝纲之后,内政既定、风气已正、百职有序、万民安业。然治国之道,立法易,守法难;肃官易,亲民难;立制易,听民难。天下之政,最忌上位隔绝下情、朝堂闭塞民声、执政自恃高明、群臣缄口避祸、百姓含怨难言。古往今来,多少盛世中兴,初则清明勤政、虚心纳谏、通达民情,终则骄矜自满、闭塞言路、疏远刍荛、隔绝庶民,遂使民情壅堵、隐患潜滋、上下离心、基业倾颓。
子产深通治乱循环之理,洞悉王朝兴衰之秘。其为政也,不以制法肃官为终极之功,而以通达民情、听闻民议、俯察民苦、收纳民智、随弊更化、与时损益为长治久安之本。深知国法为治之体,民声为治之用;朝纲为立国之骨,民心为立国之魂。法度可以束官吏、制权贵、定秩序,却不能自知己弊、自察疏漏、自补短板、自顺民心。唯百姓耳目最真、乡野议论最实、闾巷疾苦最切、刍荛之言最朴。
春秋之世,列国朝堂皆有讳过恶闻、禁民私议、钳制舆论、杜绝非议之积习。诸侯君主高居九重,群臣百官趋利避害,朝堂之上多称颂功德之辞,罕有针砭时弊之言;乡野之间若有私议朝政、评说官吏、指摘新政、辨析得失者,动辄被冠以谤政、惑众、乱俗、犯上之罪,轻则拘禁鞭笞,重则株连乡里。是以天下庶民畏罪缄口、乡野无声、舆情沉寂、下情难达,执政高居庙堂,只见升平虚象,不见民间隐忧,政令偶有偏失、法度偶有疏漏、官吏暗生弊政、民生暗藏疾苦,皆无人敢言、无人敢陈、无人敢谏。
郑国旧俗亦然。新郑四郊、十里乡亭、百里闾里,皆设乡校。乡校者,非独童蒙读书讲学之所,亦是乡老聚谈、庶民集会、商旅闲谈、百姓论政之地。四时农闲,乡民聚于校中,讲论礼俗、评议年成、辨析利弊、评说官吏、讨论政令、闲谈国是、抒发苦乐、针砭得失。上至朝堂新政、诸侯外交、赋税徭役,下至乡吏优劣、邻里利弊、法度松紧、民生甘苦,皆为乡校闲谈之资、庶民评议之题。
新政初行之时,朝野新旧交替、礼法更张、世族改制、赋税微调、官制更新、风气剧变。举国上下,有人称颂新政清明、法度公正、吏治清正、民生安稳,亦有人私议新法严苛、规制细密、约束过紧、旧习难改。世族失旧日特权、官吏绝徇私之路、豪强断兼并之利、奢靡绝浮华之风,失意权贵心怀怨怼,遂藏身乡野、混迹庶民、煽动舆论、歪曲新政、捏造是非、挑拨官民。
于是新郑乡校之间,议论纷起、褒贬杂陈、真伪交错、舆情庞杂。有真心感念新政、称颂子产公忠为国、清正爱民者;有据实评议政令得失、指出法度疏漏、直言官吏小弊、陈述乡野疾苦者;亦有旧党余孽、失势权贵、失意官僚、落魄世族,借庶民之口、托乡议之名,诋毁新法、污蔑执政、夸大弊处、隐匿功德、煽惑民心、制造对立者。
一时之间,新郑四野乡校议论沸腾,朝堂百官闻之各异。清正之士闻之自省、借以察弊;狭隘之徒闻之嫉恨、欲绝民声;守旧权臣闻之窃喜、借机发难。
朝中大夫然明,名鬷,素性刚隘、眼界偏狭、重朝堂威严、轻乡野舆情、恶庶民非议、忌民间私论。然明立身清正、奉公守法、勤勉履职、无贪腐奢靡之过,亦属朝堂良臣,拘于尊卑之见、固守庙堂之尊、轻视刍荛之智、厌恶庶民议政。
然明见乡校日日聚议、朝野褒贬不息、民间时有非议新政、评说执政之言,心中深以为患
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