第1073章 政治(三)
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第1073章政治(三)(第1/2页)
不待众人回答,黄宗羲已然自答:“由此可见,集权不必集于一人,专制未必专于君主。既能集众智以治国,何必独尊一人?既能通政令于天下,何须帝王威权?某尝思之,治国之道,贵在政令通达,重在纪纲严明,要在令行禁止,而非寄希望于所谓君明臣贤。”
“历代所求君明臣贤,谢公所求集权于上,追根究底,不也是为了使政令通达、纲纪严明,以至国泰民安、百姓乐业?然则历朝历代以来,从来都是明君寡、贤臣少,而昏暴庸碌之君比比皆是、贪暴自私之臣不绝于世,将亿兆生灵之命运系于一人之明暗,岂非更加危险?陛下圣明则天下治,陛下昏庸则天下乱,中华数千年治乱循环,难道不就是因为独尊一君之缘故?”
“某以为,既然不必集权于一人,则皇帝之位,自然非必需之物,与这一家一姓之天下所配套的纲常伦理,自然也不是必需之物,治国之道,不是非要摆上一个神像、划定束民之囚笼才是正道坦途,以众智代替独断,设立完善之制度,使贤能者得其位,庸碌者不得其政;建立通达政令,使上意可下达,下情可上闻;严明纪律纲常,使有功者赏,有过者罚。如此,纵无帝王,天下亦可大治。”
谢文洊冷哼一声,似乎早就已经料到黄宗羲会如何回答,背着手踱了几步,让自己依旧正对着黄宗羲,反驳道:“黄南雷此言,看似有理,实则是在避重就轻,老夫提倡尊君主、竖纲常,所忧虑者,在于群众短视而愚顿,民智不足,‘还政于民’,又怎么可能不会乱象频生?中华之民,数千年来早已习惯遵奉君王,以明君贤人引领前行,若无人引导,一如群羊失牧,必然迷惘无措。”
“之前汹汹北伐之议,难道不是明证?侯掌营连写五篇文章反对北伐,群众百姓,可曾听进去了?汹汹舆论裹挟前行,结果如何?这不是正证明了民智不足之现实?民智不足,则断不可还政于民,必须以贤良之人加以引导约束,由此,君明臣贤,方有止乱定争之效!”
谢文洊的话引起台下一阵骚动,许多百姓都纷纷起哄嚷骂起来,毕竟谢文洊一直以愚民、智识不足来评价他们,几乎就是指着这些百姓群众的鼻子在骂了,但也有一些士人不停的点头,红营一直推崇什么“君客民主”、什么“还政于民”,那侯掌营不止一次公开的表达过自己不愿做皇帝,这红营的天下有没有皇帝,他们并不关心,但若真的“还政于民”,他们这些一辈子饱读诗书的士林名家,却被拉到那些粗莽愚夫同一个档次上,谁心里能痛快?
谢文洊则一直背着手立在台上,全当台下百姓们的吵嚷为鸟叫,腰背挺得更直,盯着黄宗羲的双目之中挑衅的光芒更为浓烈,似乎在嘲讽着黄宗羲,这些“愚民”越是吵嚷,越是证明他“民智不足”的观点,而黄宗羲的“君客民主”,要推上来当家作主的,就是这些只会吵吵嚷嚷的愚民吗?
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第1073章政治(三)(第2/2页)
黄宗羲却深吸口气,神色沉静而目光如炬。他深知这一议题关系到整个中华未来的政治走向,必须予以彻底澄清,他伸开双臂,向下压了压,止住了百姓们渐渐汹涌的起哄声,这才缓缓开口,声音清朗而坚定,每一个字都掷地有声:“谢公此论,可谓大为错谬,还政于民,不是民智发达之果,而是开启民智之因!若谓民智未开故不可还政于民,则犹谓婴儿未生故不可哺乳,实为本末倒置之见。”
黄宗羲直视谢文洊,话锋一转,询问道:“谢公,你可知红营于村寨之中施行的豆选之制?”
“老夫也不是只会闭门读书之人,自然知晓!”谢文洊凝眉答道:“村寨之中,田兵兵训由红营委任,村长则由村民自选,多以豆选形式,百姓投豆于诸多候选人中择一人就任。”
“豆选之制,乃是红营最早的‘还政于民’之尝试,诸位应该也有听闻,红营的侯掌营,最早也是靠这豆选之制,由全军将士选举上去的!”黄宗羲淡淡的笑着,语气很是平静,仿佛只是为台上台下的百姓士人们拆解这豆选制的内情:“但诸位不知道的是,如今通行于红营治下的豆选之制,与最早的豆选制,已有很大的差异。”
“比如,盛豆之碗,早期之时大多是盛以清水,但如今则常在碗底铺上棉花、布帛等物,何哉?盛以清水是为消音,让候选之人无法听到投豆之声响,然则在村寨豆选的实践之中,却发现有村民故意大力投掷以引动水声,清水消音不佳,便有自发于碗底铺以棉絮,消音效果更佳,逐渐便推行于整个红营治下。”
“再比如,盛豆之碗需要上盖纸张,烫以小孔,村民豆选之时,将豆从孔中投入,为何要如此?是因为有的村子发现豆选之时,村民往往有从众之心,谁人碗中豆多,就愈发的会去给那人投豆,所以便自发在碗上盖纸,以防止前面村民投
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