第七十四章春旱对策
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第七十四章春旱对策(第1/2页)
正月二十,徐光启的预警成为现实。
河南、山东布政使司的急报同日抵京:自去冬至今,两地滴雨未降,河流水位骤降,农田龟裂。若二月再无雨,冬小麦将大面积枯死,春耕也无法进行。
乾清宫内,朱由检召集紧急会议。户部、工部、钦天监官员齐聚,气氛凝重。
“河南、山东在册田亩多少?受灾几何?”朱由检问。
李长庚翻开账册:“河南在册田亩八千万亩,山东六千万亩。目前重旱区域覆盖两省三成耕地,约四千万亩。若持续无雨,受灾面积可能扩至六成。”
四千万亩!朱由检心中一沉。这几乎是山西旱情的两倍。
“存粮能支撑多久?”
“河南存粮三十万石,山东二十万石。按两省人口三千万计,若全数赈济,仅够十日。”李长庚声音艰涩,“且这些存粮多为军储、官仓,不可轻动。”
“不动粮,百姓就会饿死。”朱由检斩钉截铁,“传旨河南、山东:开仓放粮,设立粥厂。每日两餐,确保灾民不饿死。所需粮食,先从两省存粮中拨付,不足部分由朝廷调拨。”
“皇上,”钦天监监正出列,“臣观天象,二月恐仍无雨。此次旱情,或持续至四月。”
四月……那意味着春耕完全错过,秋粮也无望。朱由检深吸一口气:“那就做最坏打算。工部?”
张维枢出列:“臣在。”
“河南、山东水利设施如何?”
“黄河沿岸尚可,但支流多淤塞。山东尤甚,汶水、泗水等河流,多年未疏浚。”张维枢道,“若全力修浚,可引水灌溉部分农田,但工程浩大,至少需三月。”
“三个月太久了。”朱由检摇头,“当务之急是保人。传旨两省:第一,组织民夫打井,凡打出深井者,赏银五两。第二,推广薄珏设计的翻车,从低处引水。第三,命各地官府统一调配水源,优先保障人畜饮水、基本灌溉。”
他顿了顿:“但仅靠这些不够。必须从外省调粮。漕运何时能通?”
“二月初十前后,黄河开封段解冻,漕船可北上。”李长庚道,“但运力有限,每月最多三十万石。”
“太慢。”朱由检走到地图前,“走海路。从江南调粮,运至登州、莱州,再陆运至山东各地。海船运量大,一艘可载千石。”
“可海路风险……”
“顾不得了。”朱由检道,“命郑芝龙派战船护航,确保粮船安全。告诉江南各府,运粮至山东者,免当年商税三成。”
这是一个大胆的决定。众臣面面相觑,但无人敢反对——皇上这是要倾尽全力救两省百姓。
正月二十二,旨意发出。同时,朱由检召见刚从山西回京的海文渊。
“你在山西处理灾情、推行新政,经验丰富。”朱由检看着这位年轻官员,“朕命你为钦差,总督河南、山东抗旱赈灾事宜。授尚方宝剑,遇阻挠者,可先斩后奏。”
海文渊跪地:“臣领旨!必不负皇上重托!”
“朕给你三条原则。”朱由检扶起他,“第一,保民为先。无论多大代价,不能饿死一个百姓。第二,公平为上。赈灾粮款发放,必须公开透明,凡贪污克扣者,立斩。第三,长远为计。趁此机会,在两地推行新政,清丈田亩,改革税制。”
“臣明白!”海文渊眼中闪光,“灾情虽危,亦是推行新政之机。臣定当把握。”
“还有,”朱由检低声道,“注意地方豪强。大灾之下,必有囤积居奇、兼并土地者。你要盯紧了,该抓的抓,该杀的杀。但要证据确凿,以法服人。”
“臣谨记!”
海文渊当日便离京赴任。他带走的不仅是一纸诏书,还有户部拨付的五十万两赈灾银,以及朱由检的殷殷嘱托。
正月二十五,辽东军情传来。
熊廷弼奏报:皇太极果然趁冬季结束,派兵袭扰辽西。这次规模更大,八旗精锐出动两万,分三路进攻宁远、锦州、大凌河。但熊廷弼早有准备,依托城墙火炮,击退建州军,斩首八百,俘获三百。
然而奏报末尾提到一个细节:建州军撤退时,掳走边境百姓三千余人,牲畜万余头。
“人口……”朱由检喃喃道。皇太极这是在补充劳力,缓解建州内部的粮食压力。
“传旨熊廷弼,”他口述,“第一,加强边境巡查,坚壁清野,不给建州掳掠之机。第二,派精锐潜入建州,解救被掳百姓,焚其粮仓。第三,告诉蒙古各部,凡截杀建州抢掠队伍者,赏银千两,盐茶百斤。”
“奴才遵旨。”
处理完军务,朱由检来到科学院。徐光启正与汤若望、邓玉函试验一种新装置——蒸汽提水机。
“皇上请看。”徐光启指着笨重的机器,“这是按您提的原理设计的。以煤烧水,蒸汽推动活塞,可带动
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